FreeBSD

Files

The /etc/master.passwd file stores both the user account info and their hashed passwords (is the merged version of passwd and shadow files in Linux). FreeBSD uses tools like vipw or pw to manage the /etc/master.passwd file:

The wheel group is the equivalent Linux sudo group.

# Create the user bob and add him to the wheel group
sudo pw useradd bob -m -s /bin/tcsh -G wheel
# Set the user's password
sudo passwd bob
# Add an existing user to an existing group
pw groupmod wheel -m bob

Networking

Network Info

General networking information, such as interfaces, IP addresses, and DNS:

ifconfig

ARP Table

Check recent communications via the ARP table:

arp -a

Active Connections

List active connections:

# List active sockets
$ sockstat -4l

Routes

List recent and persistent routes:

netstat -rn
route -n

Doas

doas is a simplified alternative to sudo, originally from OpenBSD, and available on FreeBSD via ports/packages. Its job is to let users run commands as another user (often root) with fine-grained permissions defined in /usr/local/etc/doas.conf.

# Enumerate doas permissions
$ cat /usr/local/etc/doas.conf
...
# Permit members of the wheel group to perform actions as root.
permit nopass :wheel

# Add an existing user to an existing group
doas pw groupmod wheel -m bob